HomeDefenseUnion Budget 2024: Decoding defence allocation by Modi 3.0

Union Budget 2024: Decoding defence allocation by Modi 3.0

ย Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman unveiledย the seventhย Unionย Budget forย FYย 2024โ€“25 of the Modi 3.0 administration shortly after the BJP led NDA government at the Centre took charge for an unprecedented third term under Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Theย defence budgetย hasย beenย somewhatย reduced byย theย FMย comparedย toย theย interimย budget. Theย Modiย governmentย isย nowย placingย aย greaterย emphasisย onย employmentย creation,ย whichย theyย believeย isย aย significantย factorย inย theย BJP’sย decliningย numberย ofย parliamentaryย seats.

Inย orderย toย reduce dependencyย onย defence imports,ย theย governmentย isย puttingย aย lotย ofย emphasisย onย domesticย productionย inย thisย budget,ย particularlyย indigenizationย ofย theย defenseย industry.

Theย governmentย isย placingย aย strongย focusย onย domesticย productionย inย thisย budget,ย especiallyย indigenizationย ofย theย defenseย industry,ย inย anย effortย toย reduceย relianceย onย defence imports.

Inย aย bidย toย boostย homegrownย defenseย companies,ย theย Defenceย Ministryย recentlyย revealedย thatย overย 12,300ย itemsย hadย beenย indigenizedย inย theย lastย severalย years. Plansย toย increaseย militaryย gearย exportsย fromย theย currentย levelย ofย Rsย 21,083ย croreย toย Rsย 50,000ย croreย byย 2028โ€“2029ย wereย recentlyย announcedย byย Defenceย Ministerย Rajnathย Singh. Inย contrast,ย duringย theย courseย ofย theย nextย fiveย toย sixย years,ย theย Indianย armedย servicesย mayย spendย roughlyย $130ย billionย onย capitalย acquisition.

Theย FMย gaveย theย defenseย sector’sย fundingย forย FY25ย anย allocationย ofย Rs.ย 6.21ย lakhย crore,ย whichย isย justย Rs.ย 0.01ย lakhย croreย lessย thanย theย Rs.ย 6.22ย lakhย croreย sheย hadย previouslyย declaredย inย theย Interimย Budget.

Theย administrationย emphasizesย that,ย atย roughlyย 13%ย ofย theย totalย budgetedย expendituresย ofย theย centralย government,ย theย amountย spentย onย theย defenseย sectorย remainsย theย largestย amongย theย otherย ministries. Thisย amountย stillย fallsย shortย ofย 2%ย ofย India’sย GDP,ย though.

Nirmalaย Sitharamanย emphasizedย India’sย dualย goalsย ofย exportย developmentย andย self-relianceย inย theย interimย budget. Overย Rsย 6,21,540.85ย croreย wasย allocatedย toย defenseย inย theย fiscalย yearย 2024โ€“2025. Thisย equalsย 13.04ย percentย ofย theย proposedย Unionย Budgetย inย itsย entirety. Outย ofย allย theย Ministries,ย theย Ministryย ofย Defenseย (MoD)ย continuesย toย getย theย largestย allocation.

Theย budgetaryย allotmentย toย defence forย FYย 2024โ€“25ย isย 4.72ย percentย moreย thanย thatย forย FYย 2023โ€“24ย andย risesย byย overย oneย lakhย croreย (18.35ย percent)ย overย FYย 2022โ€“23. Aย significantย portionย ofย thisโ€”27.67%โ€”goesย towardย capital;ย 14.82ย percentย isย usedย forย revenueย expendituresย relatedย toย operationalย readinessย andย sustenance;ย 30.68ย percentย isย usedย forย payย andย benefits;ย 22.72ย percentย isย usedย forย defenseย pensions;ย andย 4.11ย percentย isย allocatedย toย civilย organizationsย underย theย Ministryย ofย Defence.

Theย continuousย battleย betweenย Russiaย andย Ukraine,ย Israelย andย Hamas,ย andย China’sย explorationย ofย theย Southย Chinaย Sea’sย coastlinesย suggestsย thatย Indiaย shouldย beย readyย forย anyย globalย crisis. Particularlyย whenย Chineseย maneuveringย aroundย theย Indianย Oceanย Regionย (IOR)ย andย Lineย ofย Actualย Controlย (LAC)ย makesย itย harderย forย India’sย defenseย industryย toย protectย itsย territorialย integrity.

Itย isย anticipatedย thatย India’sย defenseย budgetย willย instantlyย adaptย toย theย swiftlyย shiftingย geopoliticalย landscapeย onย theย worldย arena. Indiaย mightย addressย someย ofย theseย securityย issuesย byย dramaticallyย raisingย itsย defenseย expenditure.

Betweenย Modiย 1.0ย andย Modiย 2.0,ย theย defenceย industryย sawย aย 4-5%ย decrease. Evenย now,ย Modiย 3.0ย accountsย forย 13%ย ofย totalย spending. Theย defenseย industryย continuesย toย demandย thatย theย governmentย devoteย atย leastย 25%ย ofย annualย centralย governmentย spending,ย particularlyย toย defenseย modernizationย andย upkeep. Indiaย canย thereforeย “handle”ย theย perceptionย ofย threatย atย theย Lineย ofย Actualย Controlย (LAC),ย Indianย Oceanย Region,ย Lineย ofย Controlย (LOC),ย andย theย territoriesย surroundingย them.

Overย theย years,ย payย allowancesย andย pensionsย haveย accountedย forย theย majorityย (moreย thanย 50%)ย ofย theย defenseย budget. Theย remainingย fundsย areย beingย usedย forย infrastructureย projects,ย researchย andย development,ย modernization,ย andย defenseย purchases. Itย isย noticeableย thatย thereย isย veryย littleย moneyย leftย overย forย theย expansionย ofย defenseย afterย moreย thanย 50%ย wasย usedย forย payย allowancesย andย retirementย alone.

However,ย it’sย aย commonย misperceptionย thatย theย Agniveerย systemย wasย primarilyย implementedย toย lightenย theย defenseย budget’sย pensionย load. Afterย consideringย theย matter,ย theย defenseย economistsย calculatedย thatย thereย wouldย onlyย beย aย totalย savingsย ofย onlyย Rs.ย 1,054ย croresย onย pensions.

Furthermore,ย theย defenseย industryย willย growย significantlyย ifย theย governmentย decidesย toย keepย payย allowancesย andย pensionsย apartย fromย theย mainย defenseย budget. Givenย thatย pensionsย andย payย allowancesย areย required. Consequently,ย theย governmentย oughtย toย stopย doingย thisย customย andย takeย payย allowancesย andย pensionsย outย ofย theย defenseย budget. Itย oughtย toย remainย inย theย unionย budgetย withย theย pensionsย andย benefitsย receivedย byย otherย employeesย ofย theย centralย government.

However,ย inย lightย ofย theย harshย criticismย leveledย atย theย Agniveerย scheme,ย theย governmentย mayย decideย toย modifyย thisย policyย byย implementingย theย Indianย Army’sย suggestionsย forย aย significantย overhaulย ofย theย Agniveerย scheme,ย whichย includeย raisingย theย ageย ofย inductionย forย technicalย services,ย increasingย theย retentionย rateย byย 60โ€“70%,ย andย extendingย theย serviceย tenureย fromย fourย toย eightย years.

Aย fewย ofย theseย changesย may raiseย the ย generalย efficacy of the Agniveerย scheme. According to electoralย pundits, theย Agniveerย scheme had created a negative impression among the voters against the BJP-led NDA government at the Centre led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Thus,ย thereย isย aย veryย goodย chanceย thatย theย governmentย willย heedย theย adviceย ofย theย reviewย committeeย inย thisย matter.

However,ย aย fewย statesย which are being ruled by theย  BJP areย nowย offeringย 10%ย reservationย toย formerย Agniveers in governmentย jobs.

Additionally,ย theย governmentย shouldย keepย advancingย exportsย andย self-relianceย asย partย ofย itsย dualย goalsย inย theย defenseย industry. Indiaย isย nowย seenย asย aย netย exporterย ratherย thanย aย netย importer.

Inย theย Financialย Yearย (FY)ย 2023โ€“2024,ย defenseย exportsย reachedย aย recordย ofย Rsย 21,083ย croreย (aboutย US$ย 2.63ย billion),ย aย riseย ofย 32.5%ย overย theย previousย fiscalย yearย whenย theย amountย wasย Rsย 15,920ย crore. Accordingย toย theseย numbers,ย defenseย exportsย haveย increasedย 31ย timesย overย theย pastย tenย yearsย whenย comparedย toย FYย 2013โ€“14.

Also Read: Looking back quarter century after Kargil War

Theย defenseย sectorย hasย workedย extremelyย hardย toย achieveย theย highest-everย defenseย exports,ย includingย theย commercialย sectorย andย Defenseย Publicย Sectorย Undertakingsย (DPSUs). Aboutย 60%ย andย 40%ย ofย theย contributionsย haveย comeย fromย theย privateย sectorย andย DPSUs,ย respectively. India’sย strategyย ofย encouragingย domesticย productionย andย technologicalย advancementย shouldย beย continuedย sinceย itย willย greatlyย lessenย theย country’sย relianceย onย importsย forย itsย defenseย sectorย andย strengthenย itsย economy.

Indiaย hasย theย potentialย toย achieveย itsย $5ย trillionย economyย targetย byย 2027,ย largelyย throughย defenseย exports. However,ย itย mightย takeย someย timeย forย theย defenseย industryย toย becomeย self-sufficient.

Givenย theย perceivedย threatsย thatย Chinaย andย Pakistanย poseย toย Newย Delhi,ย asย wellย asย theย riseย inย terrorย assaultsย inย Jammuย andย Kashmir,ย amongย otherย places,ย Indiaย needsย toย concurrentlyย addressย bothย fronts,ย namelyย defenseย modernizationย andย defense indigenization.

Thus,ย theย Modiย governmentย shouldย allocateย atย leastย 25%ย ofย allย federalย governmentย spendingย annuallyย toย theย defenseย industryย inย orderย toย addressย theseย issues.

 

 

 

 

 

 

RELATED ARTICLES
- Advertisment -

Most Popular