HomeInternationalBangladesh protests revive memories of Razakar horror

Bangladesh protests revive memories of Razakar horror

Approximatelyย 150ย protestorsย haveย diedย asย aย resultย ofย theย currentย riotsย andย protestsย inย Bangladesh,ย andย overย 2,500ย peopleย haveย beenย injured.

Inย additionย toย streetย riotingย andย vandalism,ย theย protestersย haveย burnedย downย theย Dhakaย headquartersย ofย state-runย Bangladeshย Television,ย attackedย Jahangirย Alam,ย theย formerย mayorย ofย Ghazipur,ย andย killedย hisย bodyguard.ย Theyย haveย alsoย stormedย aย jailย inย theย Narsingdiย District,ย freeingย hundredsย ofย prisonersย beforeย settingย itย onย fire.

Theย protesters,ย whoย areย primarilyย students,ย areย askingย thatย jobsย beย awardedย onย theย basisย ofย meritย ratherย thanย quota,ย andย thisย wholeย subjectย ofย theย quotaย systemย inย governmentย employmentย hasย takenย theย nationย byย storm.

Theย quotaย systemย wasย introducedย inย 1972ย followingย theย Liberationย Warย (Muktiย Judhho)ย ofย Bangladeshย andย hasย undergoneย multipleย revisionsย sinceย then. 56%ย ofย governmentย employmentย wereย setย asideย forย aย numberย ofย groupsย underย theย system:ย 30%ย wentย toย Muktiย Jodhha,ย orย independenceย fighters;ย 10%ย wentย toย women;ย 10%ย wentย toย undevelopedย districts;ย 5%ย wentย toย minorities;ย andย 1%ย wentย toย thoseย withย disabilities. Theย governmentย eliminatedย theย quotaย systemย forย governmentย positionsย forย studentsย inย gradesย 9ย throughย 13ย inย 2018ย inย responseย toย aย waveย ofย studentย protests.

Theย Highย Court’sย Juneย 5ย orderย toย reinstateย theย quotaย systemย andย reserveย 30%ย ofย governmentย positionsย forย veteransย andย familyย membersย ofย liberationย fightersย fromย theย 1971ย Warย ofย Independenceย isย theย reasonย behindย theseย disturbances. Onย Julyย 14,ย theย 27-pageย verdictย wasย madeย public. Itย statesย thatย theย governmentย hasย theย optionย toย changeย theย quota.

However,ย theย Highย Court’sย orderย wasย postponedย byย theย Supremeย Courtย onย Julyย 10ย forย aย month,ย andย theย government’sย challengeย wasย scheduledย toย beย heardย onย Augustย 7.

However,ย theย Supremeย Courtย postponedย itsย rulingย onย Julyย 21ย dueย toย theย severityย ofย theย violenceย onย theย road,ย reducingย theย quotaย ofย Muktiย Jodhha’sย familyย fromย 30%ย toย 5%ย andย requiringย 93%ย ofย theย seatsย toย beย filledย onย merit.

Theย remainingย twoย percentย isย toย beย distributedย toย transgenderย persons,ย peopleย ofย color,ย andย peopleย withย disabilities. Additionally,ย itย hasย askedย protestingย studentsย toย goย backย toย class. Studentsย Againstย Discrimination,ย aย Bangladeshiย studentย organization,ย isย stillย holdingย demonstrations.

Theย group’sย spokesmanย declared,ย “Weย won’tย callย offย ourย protestsย untilย theย governmentย issuesย anย orderย reflectingย ourย demands.”

Primeย Ministerย Sheikhย Hasina’sย Julyย 14ย pressย conference,ย duringย whichย sheย posedย theย followingย questionsย toย herย nation’sย citizens,ย servedย asย theย reasonย forย theย entireย demonstrationย toย descend intoย violence:

“Why doย peopleย harborย soย strongย animosityย towardย Muktiย Jodhhaย andย Muktiย Juddho? Areย theย offspringย andย descendantsย ofย thoseย whoย foughtย forย freedomย notย gifted? Areย Razakars’sย offspringย andย descendantsย theย onlyย giftedย people? Shouldย theย grandchildrenย ofย Razakarsย receiveย quotaย benefitsย ifย theย grandchildrenย ofย theย freedomย fightersย doย not? Iย wouldย likeย toย askย theย peopleย ofย ourย nationย thisย question. Whatย isย Muktiย Jodhha’sย fault? Theyย bravelyย battledย forย thisย nation’sย freedom… Pakistanisย wouldย kickย thoseย whoย areย demonstratingย todayย ifย theyย didn’t.”

Followingย that,ย onย Julyย 15,ย Dhakaย Universityย stagedย aย processionย withย theย sloganย “Tuiย ke? Amiย ke? Razakar,ย Razakar! Ke boleche? Sairachar,ย sairachar,ย sairachar.” (Who areย you? Whoย amย I? Razakar,ย Razakar!ย Whoย saysย that?ย Whoย saysย that? Dictator, dictator!)

Soon,ย riotersย andย studentsย fromย allย throughoutย Bangladeshย joinedย thisย “protestย basedย onย Razakar.”

Razakar,ย whichย meansย “volunteer”ย orย “helper”ย inย Persianย andย Urdu,ย wasย primarilyย madeย upย ofย pro-Pakistaniย Bengalisย andย Biharisย inย Eastย Pakistanย whoย opposedย Muktiย Jodhhaย andย Eastย Pakistan’sย independence. Anย estimatedย fiftyย thousandย Razakarsย supportedย theย armyย ofย Pakistan. Theย Razakarsย attackedย intellectuals,ย students,ย religiousย minorities,ย andย citizensย whoย foughtย forย Bangladesh’sย independence,ย togetherย withย extremistย religiousย militiasย likeย Al-Badrย andย Al-Shams.

Withย theย helpย ofย Razakars,ย theย Pakistaniย militaryย carriedย outย aย ruthlessย campaignย ofย intimidationย againstย pro-liberationย Bangladeshisย thatย resultedย inย 300,000โ€“3ย millionย civilianย murders,ย 100,000โ€“400,000ย womenย raped,ย andย 25,000โ€“195,000ย forcedย pregnancies. Theย wordย “Razakar”ย isย derogatorilyย usedย inย Bangladesh. Itย isย associatedย withย andย hasย comeย toย denoteย “collaborator”.

Islamiย Chhatraย Sibir,ย theย studentย branchย ofย Jamaat-e-Islamiย inย Eastย Pakistan,ย isย creditedย withย creatingย Al-Badr. Duringย theย Liberationย War,ย oneย ofย Al-Badr’sย primaryย goalsย wasย toย murderย “theย intellectualย people,”ย orย Budhijibiย asย theyย wereย knownย inย Bengali. Al-Badar,ย Al-Shams,ย Mujahid,ย andย theย Eastย Pakistanย Civilย Armedย Forceย areย amongย theย pro-Pakistanย militantย groupsย thatย haveย enlistedย membersย fromย otherย Islamicย organizations.

Razakarsย hadย beenย recruitedย byย theย Pakistaniย Armyย toย helpย themย carryย outย theirย gruesomeย tasks. Withย anย armedย guard,ย theseย razakarsย wouldย arriveย atย prearrangedย addressesย andย kidnapย bothย menย andย women.

Theย Muktiย Jodhhasย battledย forย theย Eastย Pakistaniย people’sย dignity. forย acknowledgmentย ofย theirย uniqueย language,ย identity,ย culture,ย andย ethosโ€”allย ofย whichย theย Pakistaniย governmentย intentionallyย eradicated,ย givingย preferenceย toย theย westernย region.

Itย appearsย thatย theย Pakistan Army’sย Operationย Searchlight,ย whichย tookย placeย onย Marchย 26,ย 1971,ย whenย Punjabย Regimentย contingentsย surroundedย theย universityย campusย andย killedย overย aย hundredย unarmedย studentsย whoย wereย inย theย residentย halls,ย asย wellย asย tenย professors,ย hasย beenย convenientlyย forgottenย byย theseย youngย Dhakaย Universityย riotersย whoย areย yellingย “Razakar!ย Razakar.” LMGs,ย tanks,ย andย rocketย launchersย wereย allย employedย toย wreakย devastationย andย crushย anyย resistanceย amongย theย Bengalis.

Unfortunately,ย theย femaleย studentsย ofย Dhakaย University’sย Rokeyaย Hall,ย whoย haveย becomeย enragedย andย areย nowย referringย toย themselvesย asย “razakars,”ย areย dehumanizingย andย abusingย theย memoryย ofย theย otherย femaleย studentsย whoย wereย carried,ย undressed,ย assaulted,ย andย sexuallyย assaultedย byย theย Pakistanย Armyย onย Octoberย 7,ย 1971,ย inย thatย exactย hall. Toย honorย thoseย ladies,ย theย nameย “heroinesย ofย war,”ย orย “Brangona,”ย wasย coined.

However,ย itย appearsย thatย theseย femaleย “protestors”ย haveย quicklyย forgottenย andย erasedย themย fromย theirย memories. Theย phraseย “warย wasย rape”ย gainedย notorietyย inย 1971ย afterย hundredsย ofย Bangladeshiย womenย wereย rapedย byย theย Pakistanย Armyย andย Razakarย rebels.

Aboutย 300ย girlsย whoย hadย beenย imprisonedย byย Pakistanย Armyย forcesย forย theirย “entertainment”ย wereย foundย inย variousย districtsย ofย Dhaka. Renownedย Americanย feministย Susanย Browmillerย claimedย inย herย bookย “Againstย Ourย Will:ย Men,ย Women,ย andย Rape”ย thatย theย Bangladeshย Liberationย Warย wasย specialย becauseย itย wasย theย firstย timeย thatย theย worldย acknowledgedย thatย systematicย rapeย couldย beย usedย asย aย weaponย toย terrorizeย people.

Rightย now,ย aย wideย rangeย ofย anti-liberationย supportersย areย quiteย activeย onย socialย media,ย makingย disparagingย statements,ย comments,ย podcasts,ย andย vlogsย criticizingย theย government. “Tumiย keย amiย ke..ย Razakarย Razakar”ย hasย becomeย aย rallyingย cryย forย riotersย andย thoseย whoย supportย them,ย andย itsย popularityย isย growingย everyย day.ย Itย isย similarย toย “Humย dekhenge,”ย whichย occurredย duringย theย violenceย inย Shaheenย Bagh,ย andย “Fromย theย Riverย toย theย Sea,”ย whichย appliesย toย theย currentย pro-Hamasย disturbances.

It’sย easyย toย argueย thatย theย ongoingย socialย mediaย narrativeย isย whollyย anti-Hasinaย andย thatย thereย isย aย politicalย motivationย behindย theย callย forย “Hasinaย [to]ย stepย down.” Despiteย theย Supremeย Court’sย decisionย inย favorย ofย theย demonstrators,ย Sheikhย Hasinaย andย herย governmentย continueย toย beย theย targetย ofย intenseย hostilityย andย contempt,ย andย thisย movementย isย moreย aboutย themย thanย itย isย aboutย quota.

Itย wouldn’tย beย incorrectย toย argueย thatย demonstrationsย againstย quotasย serveย asย aย pretextย forย thoroughlyย demeaningย Muktiย Jodhhaย andย theย Liberationย War,ย asย wellย asย forย underminingย theย establishmentย byย actsย ofย streetย violence.

Theย politicalย basisย ofย theseย riotsย isย alsoย evidentย inย Tariqueย Rahman,ย theย eldestย sonย ofย Khaledaย Ziaย andย theย exiledย Actingย Chairmanย ofย theย Bangladeshย Nationalistย Partyย (BNP),ย whoย madeย aย callย on social media platform X.

Tariqueย calledย forย allย pro-democracyย politicalย partyย leaders,ย activists,ย andย commonย members,ย includingย theย BNP,ย toย supportย theย studentsย andย continueย thisย campaignย inย solidarityย withย theย demonstrators. Additionally,ย onย Julyย 19,ย BNPย Seniorย Jointย Secretaryย Generalย Ruhulย Kabirย Rizviย wasย detainedย byย policeย afterย theyย usedย tearย gasย onย aย fewย hundredย partyย members.

Naturally,ย inย thisย eraย ofย instantaneousย “content”ย dissemination,ย similarย anti-establishmentย riotsย spreadย toย otherย regionsย ofย theย globe.

Largeย groupsย ofย menย foughtย onย Julyย 18,ย inย theย UK’sย Whitechapelย neighborhoodย ofย London,ย whichย isย homeย toย aย sizable Bangladesh-origin minority inย theย Towerย Hamletsย district.ย Duringย thisย altercation,ย rocksย wereย hurledย andย carsย wereย destroyed.

Additionally,ย authoritiesย inย theย Unitedย Arabย Emiratesย (UAE)ย haveย mandatedย anย investigationย andย aย hurriedย trialย forย citizensย ofย Bangladeshย whoย wereย detainedย forย participatingย inย anti-Hasinaย protestsย throughoutย theย Gulfย nation.

Also Read: How hundreds of Indian students escaped violence-hit Bangladesh

Theย eulogyย ofย theย warย criminalsย inย theย guiseย ofย protestingย againstย theย Awamiย Leagueย governmentย isย whatย makesย theseย riotsย ironic. resurrectingย theย Razakarsย inย nationalย andย internationalย discourse,ย underminingย authorityย viaย aย primeย minister’sย speech,ย andย intimidatingย familiesย whoย haveย battledย for the independence of Bangladesh.

The socialย andย politicalย climate of Bangladesh isย soย unstableย thatย evenย theย Supremeย Courtย wasย forcedย toย hurryย theย announcementย ofย theย rulingย andย issueย aย callย forย theย studentsย toย returnย toย classย onย Augustย 7.

Democracy in Bangladesh is inย  such a pitiable condition thatย aย groupย ofย riotersย withย politicalย motivationsย canย holdย national institutions hostage.

 

 

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