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Maldives shows India will regain domination in Bangladesh

Sinceย theย ousterย ofย ‘pro-India’ย leaderย Sheikhย Hasinaย fromย officeย inย Bangladesh,ย aย tsunamiย ofย pessimismย hasย descendedย onย Indians,ย andย herย opponents,ย includingย theย Bangladeshย Nationalistย Partyย andย Jamaat-e-Islami,ย haveย emergedย asย prominentย inย theย newย orderย ofย things. Thereย isย noย doubtย thatย Hasina’sย tenureย inย powerย aidedย India’sย primaryย strategicย goalsย inย theย areaย byย providingย aย stableย allyย inย theย east,ย butย notย everythingย isย lostย withย herย departure.

Inย fact,ย theย tendencyย toย designateย everyย dayย asย anย apocalypseย occasionallyย goesย tooย far,ย closingย theย doorย toย meaningfulย collaborationย withย anyoneย inย chargeย inย theย community. Weย cannotย selectย ourย neighbors,ย norย canย weย chooseย theirย leadership,ย andย whileย weย mayย notย alwaysย haveย aย favorableย handย inย power,ย commonย senseย requiresย thatย theย engagementย mustย continue.

Thisย isย becauseย ifย Indiaย doesย notย engage with Bangladesh, anotherย powerย willย fillย theย void,ย whichย wouldย beย disastrousย forย Indianย interests. Theย senseย ofย pessimismย thatย pervadesย ourย currentย stateย ofย mindย regardingย Bangladeshย isย notย new.

Aย similarย lossย ofย optimismย occurredย earlierย thisย year,ย whenย ourย relationsย withย anotherย neighbourย deterioratedย asย aย resultย ofย theirย newย leadership’sย executionย ofย aย “Indiaย Out”ย strategy. Today,ย Indiaย isย backย inย theย saddleย afterย aย successfulย visitย byย Foreignย Ministerย Sย Jaishankar,ย whichย endedย lastย weekย withย theย Maldivesย government’sย generalย feelingย beingย “Welcomeย India”.

Whenย Mohamedย Muizzuย wonย theย presidentialย electionsย inย 2023ย withย 54%ย ofย theย vote,ย itย wasย clearย toย Indiaย thatย relationsย withย thisย countryย wouldย sufferย duringย theย newย president’sย tenure. Afterย all,ย Muizzuย hadย contestedย theย electionsย withย aย jingoisticย ‘Indiaย Out’ย campaign,ย successfullyย creatingย aย narrativeย aroundย theย country’sย overtย interventionย inย Maldivesย domesticย affairs. Theย presenceย ofย Indianย personnelย inย theย Maldives,ย stationedย forย non-combatย tasksย andย whoseย soleย missionย wasย toย operateย theย Maldives’ย defenseย equipmentย andย helicopters,ย wasย atย theย heartย ofย hisย claimย againstย India. Theyย alsoย playedย anย importantย roleย inย trainingย theย Maldivianย Nationalย Defenceย Forceย for disaster response.

However,ย Muizzu’sย ambitionย toย benefitย politicallyย fromย anti-Indiaย sentimentย outweighedย theย Maldives’ย nationalย interest,ย andย heย roseย toย powerย byย accusingย Indiaย ofย bogusย charges. Onceย inย office,ย heย followedย throughย onย hisย promiseย byย actuallyย seeingย ‘Indiaย Out’ย whenย theย 90-oddย Indianย militaryย personnelย stationedย inย theย countryย wereย removedย atย hisย requestย inย Mayย 2024. Interestingly,ย thoseย militaryย troopsย wereย replacedย solelyย byย Indianย civilians,ย whoย wereย assignedย toย aย technicalย teamย toย helpย inย theย functioningย ofย equipmentย inย theย Maldives.

Theย removalย ofย Indianย forcesย fromย theย countryย wasย accompaniedย byย aย furtherย strainย inย relationsย whenย aย group ofย Maldivianย lawmakersย beganย referringย toย PMย Modi’sย promotionย ofย tourismย inย Lakshadweepย islandย asย anย attemptย toย undermineย theย Maldives’ย tourismย sector. Itย wasย aย ludicrousย chargeย withย noย factualย basisย atย all. Aย fewย Indianย socialย mediaย accountsย tookย aย jokeย toย anย absurdย extreme,ย resultingย inย aย diplomaticย conflictย betweenย Indiaย andย theย Maldives.

Inย Augustย 2024,ย relationsย betweenย theย twoย countriesย appearย toย haveย undergoneย aย 180-degreeย reversal. Sย Jaishankarย completedย aย fruitfulย tourย ofย theย Maldivesย thisย week,ย markingย Newย Delhi’sย firstย high-levelย visitย toย theย countryย sinceย Muizzuย tookย control. Duringย theย visit,ย heย notย onlyย metย withย Presidentย Muizzuย andย communicatedย Indianย Primeย Ministerย Narendraย Modi’sย bestย wishes,ย butย heย alsoย assessedย theย India-fundedย projectsย nowย underwayย inย theย Maldives.

Thisย includesย theย Greaterย Maleย Connectivityย Project,ย whichย willย beย supportedย byย aย $100ย millionย Indianย grantย andย aย $400ย millionย lineย ofย credit. Onceย completed,ย itย willย connectย theย Maldives’ย capital,ย Male,ย toย theย islandsย ofย Villingli,ย Gulhifalhu,ย andย Thilafushi. Jaishankarย sponsoredย aย โ‚น923ย croreย projectย toย improveย sanitationย facilitiesย onย 28ย Maldivianย islands.

Theย projectย willย offerย climate-resilient,ย cost-effectiveย waterย andย sewerageย infrastructureย toย approximatelyย 7%ย ofย theย Maldives’ย totalย population. Presidentย Muizzuย thankedย himย forย thisย generosityย andย statedย onย Xย thatย Indiaย andย theย Maldives’ย partnershipย willย continue. Interestingly,ย Muizzuย hasย tonedย downย hisย anti-Indiaย remarksย duringย theย previousย fewย months. Duringย aย speechย commemoratingย hisย country’sย independenceย day,ย heย extendedย hisย “sincereย gratitude”ย toย Indiaย forย “easingย theirย debtย repaymentย burden”ย andย allowingย theย countryย toย maintainย itsย “economicย sovereignty”.

Thisย isย aย completeย reversalย fromย whenย heย demandedย ‘Indiaย out’ย andย accusedย theย countryย ofย violatingย Maldivesย sovereignty. Notย onlyย that,ย butย heย alsoย indicatedย inย theย sameย addressย thatย heย isย negotiatingย aย freeย tradeย agreementย andย aย currencyย exchangeย arrangement,ย implyingย thatย tradeย connectionsย withย Indiaย willย beย expanded.

Fromย Indiaย Outย toย Welcomeย India,ย whatย hasย changedย inย theย Maldives? Firstย andย foremost,ย despiteย growingย animosityย amongย Indiansย towardย theย Maldives,ย theย Indianย governmentย maintainedย itsย pragmaticย sideย byย continuingย toย interactย withย theย Muizzuย leaders. Presidentย Muizzuย wasย invitedย toย Indiaย duringย PMย Modi’sย swearing-inย ceremonyย inย June,ย andย Indiaย extendedย itsย budgetaryย contributionย ofย $50ย millionย forย anotherย year. Indiaย evenย increasedย itsย developmentย supportย toย theย Maldivesย byย aroundย 50%ย inย theย interimย budgetย beforeย theย Modiย governmentย ranย forย re-election.

Despiteย tensionsย betweenย theย twoย countries,ย Indiaย fulfilledย itsย promiseย toย investย approximatelyย โ‚น800ย croreย onย economicย projectsย inย India. India’sย refusalย toย letย theย Maldivesย fallย intoย theย handsย ofย anyย extra-regionalย forceย wasย matchedย byย theย Maldives’ย ownย predicaments. Forย allย ofย theirย leadership’sย passionateย hatredย ofย India,ย theย truthย isย thatย theyย areย inย aย seriousย economicย crisis,ย withย approximatelyย $1ย billionย inย duesย toย theย marketย byย 2026. Theyย canย onlyย relyย onย Indiaย toย easeย theirย debtย servicingย burdenย byย continuouslyย rollingย overย itsย shareย ofย debtย toย theย Maldives. Itย didย thisย inย May,ย andย itย mayย doย itย againย inย September.

Evenย inย termsย ofย security,ย theย Maldives,ย asย anย Indianย Oceanย countryย withย anย exclusiveย economicย zoneย spanningย 900,000ย squareย kilometers,ย reliesย largelyย onย Indiaย toย safeguardย itselfย againstย non-stateย actorsย likeย asย drugย paddlers,ย armsย smugglers,ย andย pirates. Forย aย longย time,ย Indiaย hasย beenย itsย principalย securityย partner,ย supplyingย theย smallย islandย nationย withย defenseย weaponryย onย aย regularย basis.

Evenย inย termsย ofย theย economy,ย theย tourismย sectorย isย theย backboneย ofย theย Maldivianย economy,ย withย threatsย ofย boycottย fromย Indiansย puttingย theย governmentย underย intenseย strain. Followingย aย 42%ย dropย inย tourism,ย itsย foreignย ministerย paidย aย visitย toย Indiaย inย May,ย urgingย Indiansย toย visitย theย Maldivesย becauseย theirย economyย isย dependentย onย it. Theyย areย evenย launchingย aย newย effortย toย attractย Indianย touristsย toย theย countryย byย hostingย “Welcomeย India”ย outreachย initiativesย inย majorย Indianย cities.

Clearly,ย thereย hasย beenย aย significantย shiftย inย India-Maldivesย relations,ย withย theย latterย finallyย realisingย thatย itsย relianceย onย Indiaย isย tooย deepย toย wishย away. Also,ย theย Indianย governmentย shouldย beย commendedย forย nurturingย asย manyย leversย asย possibleย inย theย Maldivesย thatย canย beย usedย toย advanceย India’sย strategicย objectivesย inย theย area.

Diplomaticย relationsย inย aย neighborhoodย areย neverย setย inย stone,ย andย theย Maldivesย isย aย primeย illustrationย ofย this. Whatย appearsย toย beย theย endย ofย theย roadย couldย simplyย beย aย difficultย turn,ย afterย whichย theย journeyย willย beย muchย smootherย andย better. Overย theย lastย decade,ย thereย haveย beenย numerousย examplesย thatย demonstrateย this. Indiaย wasย formerlyย writtenย offย inย Sriย Lanka,ย butย asย weย allย know,ย thatย changedย inย 2022. Weย canย expectย theย sameย toย happenย inย theย Maldivesย byย 2024.

Also Read: Rivalry between US, China may hit Bangladesh hard

Thisย bringsย usย toย today’sย burningย question:ย whatย aboutย Bangladesh? Well,ย Indiaย hasย onceย againย demonstratedย pragmatismย byย grantingย Hasinaย aย safeย passageย atย aย laterย dateย whenย Awamiย Leagueย workersย willย requireย aย leadershipย faceย forย resurrection. Simultaneously,ย Indiaย isย interactingย withย theย interimย government. Inย politics,ย weย canย neverย dismissย anyย ofย theย players. Theย smartย wayย isย toย developย bridgesย onย bothย sidesย ofย theย spectrum. Noย matterย whoย leadsย Bangladesh,ย developmentย supportย fromย India,ย theย prospectย ofย beingย helpedย outย ofย debt-riddenย difficultiesย likeย theย Maldivesย andย Sriย Lanka,ย theย allureย ofย India’sย vastย market,ย andย theย securityย providedย byย itsย militaryย strengthย willย alwaysย beย onย theirย minds.

Afterย all,ย ifย Bangladeshย isย suchย aย majorย economicย successย story,ย Indiaย hasย alsoย playedย anย importantย part,ย asย acknowledgedย inย theirย internalย visionย documents. Theย peopleย thereย mayย holdย grievancesย againstย Indiaย today,ย butย theyย willย eventuallyย comeย around. Today’sย Indiaย knowsย thatย sustainedย engagementย isย essentialย forย neighbourhoodย diplomacy,ย andย theย effectsย areย visibleย toย all.

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